<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>AK&#256L&#298 DAL KHAR&#256 SAUD&#256 B&#256R</TITLE>਍㰀猀琀礀氀攀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀∀㸀ഀഀ
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<p class="C1">&#65279AK&#256L&#298 DAL KHAR&#256 SAUD&#256 B&#256R, an organization of Ak&#257l&#299 reformers working for the liberation of Sikh shrines from the control of conservative Ud&#257s&#299 priests or <i>mahants</i>. The organization was originally called <u>Kh</u>&#257ls&#257 D&#299w&#257 Khar&#257 Saud&#257 B&#257r set up in 1912 and comprised volunteers mostly from a cluster of villages inhabited by Virk Ja&#7789&#7789 Sikhs in the Lower Chen&#257b Canal Colony in Shei<u>kh</u>&#363pur&#257 district, now in Pakistan. Canal colonies in West Punjab were usually called <i>b&#257rs</i>, lit. semi-forests, which these areas really were before the introduction of canal irrigation. The name Khar&#257 Saud&#257 came from the historical Gurdw&#257r&#257 Sachch&#257 Saud&#257, also called Khar&#257 Saud&#257, near Ch&#363ha&#7771k&#257&#7751&#257 town around which the Virk villages were situated. The D&#299w&#257n was in the beginning purely reformist in its aim, and was engaged in the spread of Sikh religion and education. But with the heightening up of the political tempo after the implementation of Rowlatt Acts and particularly after the Jalli&#257&#7749v&#257l&#257 B&#257<u>gh</u> tragedy in April 1919, the D&#299w&#257n became active politically, too, and came to be called Ak&#257l&#299 Dal Khar&#257 Saud&#257 B&#257r. The reorganization took place at a convention held at Gurdw&#257r&#257 Mah&#257r&#257&#7751&#299 Nakai&#7751 at Shei<u>kh</u>&#363pur&#257 on 24 December 1920 when Ak&#257l&#299 Jath&#257 Khar&#257 Saud&#257 B&#257r was set up with Kart&#257r Si&#7749gh Jhabbar as its Jathed&#257r. Among other top-ranking leaders were Tej&#257 Si&#7749gh Ch&#363ha&#7771k&#257&#7751a and Ma&#7749gal Si&#7749gh Serok&#257. The Dal played a leading part in the liberation of several historical <i>gurdw&#257r&#257s</i>, most notable among them being B&#257be d&#299 Ber at Si&#257lko&#7789, P&#257&#328j&#257 S&#257hib at Hasan Abd&#257l, Janam Asth&#257n at Nank&#257&#7751&#257 S&#257hib, and Gurdw&#257r&#257 Sachch&#257 Saud&#257, Ch&#363ha&#7771k&#257&#7751&#257, where the Dal had its headquarters. The Dal was ultimately amalgamated with the Shiroma&#7751i Ak&#257l&#299 Dal (<i>q. v</i>).</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 䐀愀氀 䬀栀愀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀愀甀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䈀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 椀渀 挀氀漀猀攀 挀漀ⴀ漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 䨀愀琀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 漀昀 䈀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 䰀愀挀栀栀洀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀ 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 漀昀 䐀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀漀瘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀Ⰰ 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 一愀渀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀椀戀 洀愀爀琀礀爀猀⸀ 䄀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 䌀⸀ 䤀⸀ 䐀⸀ 爀攀瀀漀爀琀 漀昀 ㈀㈀ 䘀攀戀爀甀愀爀礀 ㄀㤀㈀㈀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 ∀挀漀洀戀椀渀攀搀 洀攀洀戀攀爀猀栀椀瀀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀眀漀 㰀椀㸀樀愀琀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀栀攀椀㰀甀㸀欀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀瀀甀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 搀椀猀琀爀椀挀琀 椀猀 愀戀漀甀琀 ㈀Ⰰ ㈀　　⸀ ∀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
</font>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䈀䤀䈀∀㸀ഀഀ
BIBLIOGRAPHY<p class="C1"><ol class="C1"><li class="C1"> Narai&#7751 Si&#7749gh, <i>Ak&#257l&#299 Morche te Jhabbar</i>. Delhi 1967<BR>਍㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 倀爀愀琀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀瀀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 䜀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀䜀甀爀搀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀甀搀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀 愀爀琀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀琀 䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 䰀愀栀椀爀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 䄀洀爀椀琀猀愀爀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀㔀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
<li class="C1"> Josh, Sohan Singh <i>Ak&#257l&#299 Morchi&#257&#7749 da It&#299h&#257s</i>. Delhi, 1972<BR>਍㰀⼀漀氀㸀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀伀一吀∀㸀䴀愀樀漀爀 䜀甀爀洀甀欀栀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 ⠀刀攀琀搀⸀⤀㰀戀爀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
</font>਍㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀⸀愀猀瀀砀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀㸀ഀഀ
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